Overview of Picosecond Laser & Indications, Parameter Selection and Contraindications

Picosecond laser refers to a laser with an output pulse width at the picosecond level, mainly including 3 working wavelengths of 755nm, 532nm and 1064nm. Due to its extremely short pulse width, picosecond laser can achieve extremely high peak power in an instant, thereby producing photoacoustic effect (or photomechanical effect) on the target chromophore, crushing tattoo dye particles or melanin particles into smaller particles, making them easier to be cleared by pigment-loving cells such as macrophages, and the inflammatory response is lighter. Therefore, picosecond laser is more effective than Q-switched laser in the treatment of tattoos and most pigment-promoting diseases, and has lighter adverse reactions. In addition, through honeycomb focusing lens or holographic diffraction lens, picosecond laser can be focused into uniformly spaced dot beams. Since each micro beam has extremely high peak power, when it exceeds the photodecomposition threshold of the target color base (melanin or hemoglobin), the target color base absorbs energy nonlinearly to produce photodecomposition effect, forming plasma. The plasma continues to absorb laser energy efficiently and expands continuously, and finally produces a burst phenomenon in the epidermis or dermis, leading to the formation of cavitation bubbles, which is laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB). There is no damage to the tissues around LIOB, and the inflammatory reaction is also very mild. With the occurrence of LIOB, new collagen and elastic fibers may appear in the dermis. The LIOB effect enables the dot-matrix picosecond laser to improve photoaging and acne pitting scars. Compared with ablative dot-matrix laser and near-infrared non-ablative dot-matrix laser, it has fewer adverse reactions and almost no downtime.


2025/05/06

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